专利摘要:
Loading and unloading system for trucks and containers. The system includes a load carrying platform that is mobile and comprises: a lifting subframe (1) that includes supports in which elevating cylinders (7) are located to raise the supporting platform; a chassis (2) including at least one longitudinal rail (8) and at least one introducer blade (3) for the location of load bases (5), which includes skids (9) to move along the lanes (8); a tractor set (4) attached to the introducer blades (3) and attached to the chassis (2), responsible for transmitting the movement to the introducer blades (3); and four digital cells (20), each of them located in proximity to each of the support areas of the bearing platform, responsible for detecting the weight and distribution of the load on the introducer blades (3). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2611333A1
申请号:ES201631708
申请日:2016-12-29
公开日:2017-05-08
发明作者:Carlos MARTOS LARA;Javier MARTOS LARA
申请人:Andalucia De Electricidad S A;Andalucia De Electricidad SA;
IPC主号:
专利说明:



SYSTEM FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING TRUCKS AND CONTAINERS

DESCRIPTION

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 5
The present invention relates to a loading-unloading system consisting of a set of technical solutions whose mission is to facilitate and simplify loading and unloading operations of any type of truck or container. The system includes a supporting platform on which material is placed to be loaded in a truck or container and, after depositing the merchandise, being extracted so that, since the truck arrives or the container to be loaded is located, the process is performs in a short time and with a substantial improvement in safety for workers. The carrier platform can be used in the same way for unloading processes of a truck or carrier platform by introducing the empty carrier platform and extracting it with the material already loaded.
 fifteen
The system also incorporates a system of assistance to the positioning of the truck or container when loading-unloading and a security system for the process.

Find special application in the field of loading-unloading platforms for the transport of goods. twenty

TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the current state of the art, one of the most common ways used to load-unload containers or trucks is by using a bull that transports the pallets with the merchandise from the storage area into a truck, where a Operator is responsible for locating the load, positioning it to occupy the minimum space.

Another way is to position the truck properly on a loading dock, where the load bearing platform is level with the loading dock. In these cases, the bull can be dispensed with and only use a transfer to move the merchandise 30 through an operator.

In either case, the complete loading-unloading operation can last several hours, taking into account that the operator must pick up the pallets one by one, take them to the bottom of the container or truck and return to the next one or vice versa.

When the merchandise is of a considerable weight, especially bulky or not fractional, so that it cannot be placed on pallets, time problems increase and the safety of the operators is greatly reduced. These situations are especially relevant when the material to be loaded is of a high length and becomes critical if, in addition, the weight is also high.
 10
The present invention solves these problems that are not solved in the current state of the art, by means of a loading-unloading system that controls the positioning of the truck at the entrance and exit of the process, the loading and unloading process by means of a platform carrier and process safety for operators and the merchandise itself to be loaded. fifteen

The system's carrying platform also includes means to determine the weight of the load being deposited and the total distribution of the weight on the supporting platform, which is especially useful since the weight of the load is legally limited to a maximum or in situations where it is convenient for the distribution to be carried out in a certain way, for example, depending on the location of the axles of the truck.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to achieve the objectives and avoid the inconveniences mentioned in the previous sections, the invention proposes a loading and unloading system for trucks and 25 containers comprising a load bearing platform, a system for assisting the positioning of the truck or container to load and a security system for the loading process.

The load bearing platform is mobile and includes: 30
- a lifting subframe, comprising supports in which some lifting cylinders are located, responsible for lifting the supporting platform,
- a chassis, comprising at least one longitudinal rail, and
- at least one introducer blade, for the location of a plurality of loading bases, comprising a plurality of skates for moving along the corresponding rails,
- a tractor assembly, fixed to the introducer blades and mechanically attached to the chassis, responsible for transmitting the movement to the introducer blades, 5
- four digital cells, each of them located in proximity to each of the support areas of the carrier platform, responsible for detecting the weight and distribution of the load on the introducer blades.

The merchandise to be transported is placed on the loading bases and the lifting cylinders 10 allow the loading bases to be elevated above the ground, so that the introducer blades can move without resistance along the rails.

The system of the invention comprises two introducer blades that slide on two parallel longitudinal rails located in the chassis. fifteen

The skates incorporate pneumatic cushions that allow the introducer blades to absorb unevenness in the container, so that the skates are continuously supported.
 twenty
The carrier platform incorporates a laser meter to know at all times the free length of the storage space.

The carrier platform incorporates a leveling system to determine the difference in height between the container and wheels included in the skates and activate the pneumatic cylinders to level the container and the wheels of the skates; where said height difference is eliminated.

The positioning assistance system of the truck or container comprises a traffic light and a wheel lock system of the truck to be loaded. 30

The loading and unloading system of trucks and containers comprises a sound and acoustic emitter.

The security system for the loading process comprises an optoelectronic light emission and reception system that determines surfaces, to detect if they are crossed, located on either side of the supporting platform, determined by bands to be selected between vertical, horizontal and a combination of both.
 5
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
To complete the description of the invention and in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, in accordance with a preferred example of its realization, a set of drawings is attached where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, represented the following figures: 10

- Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the supporting platform where the subframe, chassis, introducer blades and loading-unloading bases have been exploded to locate the merchandise to be loaded.
- Figure 2 represents a perspective view of the supporting platform shown in Figure 1 15 once assembled.
- Figure 3 represents a side view of the supporting platform where a protective housing has been removed to show the lifting cylinders.
- Figure 4 represents an elevation view of the transverse stabilization system of the support platform according to a section A-A of Figure 3. 20
- Figure 5 shows the tractor assembly with the continuous chain to see the way of displacement.
- Figure 6 represents a locking system of the wheels of a truck for immobilization.
- Figure 7 represents a restricted area by a vertical band. 25
- Figure 8 represents a restricted area by means of horizontal bands on both sides of the supporting platform.

The following is a list of the references used in the figures:
1. Lifting subframe. 30
2. Chassis.
3. Introducing blades.
4. Tractor set.
5. Charging base.
6. Pneumatic cushion.
7. Lifting cylinders.
8. Rails.
9. Skates.
10. Laser meter. 5
11. Leveling system.
12. Plate.
13. Zip.
14. Outgoing.
15. Transversal stabilizer shaft. 10
16. Cushion cylinder.
17. Toothed chain.
18. Guide roller.
19. Drive pinion.
20. Digital cell. fifteen
21. Traffic light.
22. Wheel lock system.
23. Sound emitter.
24. Rail.
25. Folding element. twenty
26. Vertical band.
27. Horizontal band.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a loading and unloading system comprising a carrier platform, an assistance system for positioning the truck or container to be loaded-unloading and a safety system for the process. As indicated, the loading-unloading system also refers to the extraction of material from a truck or container, that is, it would also be unloading, without being influenced by being for a loading or unloading activity. 30

As it is the most inventive and representative component of the loading-unloading system, the supporting platform will be described first.

It must be said that, throughout the explanatory report, reference will be made to containers, for reasons of simplification, when in reality it can be containers, trucks, trailers or any type of space in which it can be stored merchandise to be transported.
 5
In the preferred embodiment, the supporting platform is 45 feet long, based on the length of the larger standard container, so that 20, 40 or 45 feet long containers can be loaded with it, is say, all kinds of trucks or containers. In this way, in case of needing to load containers of less than 45 feet in length, the loading area on the supporting platform will be limited so that the merchandise is positioned only in the space that will enter the container.

An advantage of the loading-unloading system of the invention is that the load-bearing platform can be used as an immediate warehouse, so that it can be loaded over time, using operator downtimes or as it is It produces 15 material to load. In this way, when a truck arrives to be loaded, the loading platform is already loaded and the loading process is practically immediate and without the need for specialized personnel, with a single person being able to carry out the full load in a short space of time. This is especially useful in situations of loading outside the working hours of a company where, in addition to avoiding a prolonged time for stopping the truck during loading, with the consequent cost that this entails, the payment of overtime to operators is also avoided. .

As can be seen in figure 1, the supporting platform is formed by a lifting subframe (1) that is fixed to the ground by means of supports. The lifting subframe (1) comprises a pair of parallel beams, solidly joined transversely, on which are arranged a series of lifting cylinders (7) and another pair of parallel beams also solidly joined transversely, located on the lifting cylinders (7 ), so that the lifting cylinders (7) are located between the lower beams and the upper beams. On the upper beams a chassis (2) that incorporates two longitudinal and 30 parallel rails (8) on which slide a pair of introducer blades (3) that incorporate a series of skates (9) with wheels evenly distributed along the length is fixed of its entire length and on those who support. The loading bases (5) are placed on the introducer blades (3) with the merchandise to be transported.

In Figures 1 and 2 part of the upper plate of the introducer blades (3) has been removed so that the skates (9) can be seen more clearly.

The lifting cylinders (7) of the lifting subframe (1) are located aligned parallel to the beams, two to two, and are responsible for the vertical displacement of the supporting platform. The lifting cylinders (7) are preferably arranged at the ends of the supporting platform, although they could also be included in intermediate zones, for example to provide greater stability.
 10
One of the functions of the lifting cylinders (7) is to provide the bearing platform with a longitudinal inclination, either in one direction or the other, depending on whether the groups of lifting cylinders (7) that extend are of one end or the other of the supporting platform in order to facilitate the movement of the load in one direction or the other. fifteen

As indicated, the loading bases (5) are located on the introducer blades (3). The loading bases (5) are placed with the support plugs separated by the introducer blades (3), that is, with the introducer blades (3) between the studs, as shown in Figure 3. If they are a pallet or a semi-pallet, are placed with the same concept, that is, with the three longitudinal legs parallel to the introducer blades (7) so that the lower surface of the pallet rests on the introducer blades (3), leaving the legs lengths of the pallet on each side and in the middle of the two introducer blades (3). In the preferred form of representation, a load base (5) with four support blocks has been chosen, to give more stability to the load to be handled. In this way, two studs are located between the introducer blades (3) and the other two studs, each side of the introducer blades (3).

The lifting cylinders (7) have the function of adjusting the entrance of the merchandise in the container in height and flatness by means of pneumatic cushions (6), so that the introducing blades (3) have the wheels of the skates (9) at the same height as the surface of the container. This is of great importance because, if the container were higher, the introducer blades (3) would collide and could not enter and, if it were lower, due to the length of the introducer blades (3), the initial section would remain in cantilever
being able to cause blows or jumps of the merchandise that could damage it. To avoid this situation, which would generate major problems with the movement of the support platform towards the container, the chassis (2) has, at the end that is positioned closest to the container, the leveling system (11) comprising ramps of entrance to the container, so that the skates (9) can slide continuously into the interior 5 of the container. These adjustment ramps are shown in Figures 1,2 and 3, although they have not been referenced.

Each of the skates (9) of the introducer blades (3) incorporates the pneumatic cushions (6), as cylinders, shown in Figure 4, which allow the introducer blades 10 (3) to absorb unevenness in the container, so that the skates (9) are continuously resting on the ground. Thus, the pneumatic cushions (6) are found by pressing the skates (9) against the ground, so that, when a skate (9) is found with an unevenness, the corresponding pneumatic cushion (6) extends or contracts so that The wheels are still in contact with the ground. In addition, the pneumatic cushions 15 (6) fulfill a second function, consisting of slightly raising the introducer blades (3) on the chassis (2), so that when the loading bases (5) with the goods are loaded, they are supported on the introducer blades (3) without touching the floor of this and the truck or container.
 twenty
The third function is to distribute the weight of the merchandise over multiple points of support to avoid damaging the rolling surface and a fourth is to favor the longitudinal translation of the merchandise with a small pair.

Once the loading bases (5) are placed on the supporting platform, slightly elevated and without touching the ground, the tractor assembly (4) fixed to the introducer blades (3) is responsible for moving them along the rails ( 8) of the chassis (2), pushing them into the container to insert the merchandise into the container and pulling them to remove the introducer blades (3) from the container once the cargo is deposited. This process is also carried out whenever the supporting platform is set in motion, either loaded or unloaded, since the objective is that the loading bases (5) do not touch the ground and involve interference.

To carry out the movement control, the supporting platform incorporates an encoder-based positioning system that allows measuring the distances, with respect to the origin, of the advance and recoil of the tractor assembly (4), allowing to control the advance of the introducer blades (3) in different container sizes. In addition, it also allows controlling the speed of the introducer blades (3). 5

On the other hand, at least one of the introducer blades (3) incorporates, at its free end, that is, the end that first enters the container, the laser meter (10), so that the supporting platform can calculate the distance that must be introduced in the container, knowing at all times the free space available. Although the system 10 can be electronically controlled, the data can be reflected on a screen so that an operator is aware of the situation at all times.

A basic control when processing merchandise is that it does not tip over. Thus, to avoid transverse imbalances and that the load can tip sideways, it is required that the 15 introducer blades (3) be level horizontally. To achieve this, the solution is depicted in Figure 4, where the transverse stabilization system described below is shown. Attached to the lower beams of the lifting subframe (1) is a plate (12) that rises vertically. One of the surfaces of the plate (12) incorporates two vertical zippers (13), one on each side, 20 positioned in proximity to each of the lower beams. On the other hand, each of the upper beams, next to the corresponding lifting cylinder (7), incorporates a projection (14) attached to a pinion. The two projections (14) are connected to each other by means of a transverse stabilizer shaft (15) that crosses the two sprockets in solidarity. On the other hand, each of the pinions engages in the corresponding rack (13). In this way, the elevation of the upper beams will always be carried out in parallel to the lower beams.

Additionally, to avoid accelerations and decelerations in the lifting of the load and cause imbalances in this direction, due to the extension and contraction of the lifting cylinders (7), the upper beams are joined to the lower beams by a pair of shock absorber cylinders (16), whose function is to eliminate the mentioned accelerations.

The movement of the introducer blades (3) along the rails (8) of the chassis (2) is carried out by means of the tractor assembly (4), as previously mentioned. The tractor assembly (4) is located on the chassis (2), fixed to the introducer blades (3), at the far end of the container, so that it does not interfere with the discharge of the material. The movement of the tractor assembly (4) is carried out by a continuous chain, as shown in Figure 5. Thus, a toothed chain (17) is fixed at ends between which the tractor assembly (4) can be moved. The toothed chain (17) crosses the two ends of the tractor assembly (4) aligned by means of guide rollers (18) that keep it taut and surrounds a drive pinion (19) fixed to the tractor assembly (4) by which the transmission is transmitted. movement along the toothed chain (17). 10

In order for the tractor assembly (4) to move the load, previously the pneumatic cushions (6) are extended, having raised the introducer blades (3), so that the loading bases (5) do not touch the ground and the skates ( 9) they can slide without resistance along the rails (8) of the chassis (2). When the introducer blades (3) reach the 15 discharge position, the pneumatic cushions (6) contract, leaving the loading bases (5) resting on the floor of the container and releasing the introducer blades (3) to be able to withdraw of the container driven by the tractor assembly (4).

Another feature that incorporates the support platform is the ability to measure not only the weight of the load it is receiving, but also its distribution along the introducer blades (3), so that it can be controlled if the load is loaded more front area or the rear area of the supporting platform. For this, the carrier platform incorporates digital cells (20), located in an area close to the lifting cylinders (7) of each of the two supports of the carrier platform, which send information about the weight and the distribution of Load it to a screen. In addition, you can incorporate an alarm that warns in case a certain value has been exceeded.

The bearing platform is designed to be installed in any industrial premises, both interior and exterior, although it is normally used in loading docks 30 outside and is subject to inclement weather, so the components that make it up are manufactured with the convenient protection, such as IP65 level, in electrical equipment or hot galvanic protection of metal elements.

A second component that incorporates the loading-unloading system is a positioning assistance system for a container or a truck with respect to the load bearing platform. This system makes sense to be used with trucks, since, even if it is a question of loading a container, it must be transported by a truck. This assistance system controls both the entry and exit of the truck. It comprises a 5 traffic light (21) and a wheel lock system (22). The traffic light (21) will change color depending on the current situation. Thus, on the one hand, for the entrance of the truck, the traffic light (21) indicates the distance of the truck to the loading position, changing from green to amber and red depending on whether the truck can enter, approach carefully and stop, respectively. Once the truck is stopped, the 10-wheel locking system (22) is activated, which will prevent it from moving until it has been removed. The distance is measured by an electronic cell and, in addition to the traffic light (21), it can also activate sound and acoustic emitters (23).

An embodiment of the wheel locking system (22) used in the invention is represented in Figure 6. It is constituted by a rail (24) fixed to the ground that incorporates a folding element (25) that is activated to block the Truck wheels

On the other hand, for the exit of the truck, the traffic light (21) indicates the situation of the introducer blades (3) in the truck, changing from red to amber and green to depending on the 20 introducer blades (3) being inside of the truck, folded out of the truck or with the truck wheels unlocked, respectively.

The third component of the invention, as mentioned at the beginning of the description of the preferred embodiment, consists of a perimeter security system by means of 25 optoelectronic barriers that detect access to restricted areas. This perimeter security system determines two restricted zones as shown in Figures 7 and 8.

The first area is represented in Figure 7 and is delimited by a vertical band (26) 30 located on each side of the supporting platform, which detects both the invasion of the cargo space from the outside and the possible exit of material of the load from the supporting platform.

The second area is represented in Figure 8 and is constituted by horizontal bands (27) parallel to the supporting platform on each of the two sides for the detection of people in the vicinity of the supporting platform.

The entire loading and unloading process, which can include the entry and exit of the truck, 5 can incorporate assistance through video cameras and guide lights.

The electrical, pneumatic and control supply to the tractor assembly (4) and therefore to the introducer blades (3) is carried out by means of a cable chain system, known in the state of the art, which confers extreme safety and reduces the possibility of failure 10 of the elements it carries.

In an initial phase, the supporting platform receives the merchandise deposited on loading bases (5) that can be constituted by pallets, by semi-pallets or, as the preferred embodiment example, by the loading bases (5) formed by the blocks joined 15 transversely by a ribbon, as one of the rows of a pallet. The number of charging bases (5) to be used is defined by the type and dimensions of the merchandise to be loaded.

Once the loading platform has been loaded, the truck will have to position itself in the place described. In this situation, the wheel lock system (22) is activated and the leveling system (11) enters into operation, which first equals the heights between the supporting platform and the base of the truck or container. Once this maneuver is carried out, the extension of the skates (9) begins and once the merchandise is fully elevated, the tractor assembly (4) introduces it to the interior of the truck or container; so that during this process the leveling system (11) by means of a series of sensors corrects the 25 differences in both height and flatness that occur when the load is transferred either from the supporting platform to the truck or container or vice versa.

These differences occur in all cases due to the flexibility of the suspension set of the trucks to be loaded; decreasing its height to the ground as they are 30 loaded and increasing when the maneuver is the opposite.

Finally, once the system has detected by means of the sensor (10) the position where you want to place the merchandise inside the truck or container, the skates (9) contract
causing the loading base (5) to rest on the truck or container by releasing the introducer blades (3) from the merchandise. From here, the introducer blades (3) are retracted on the supporting platform to complete the loading process. Once it reaches its “0” position, the wheel lock system (22) releases the truck, the traffic light (21) turns green and the vertical band (26) is deactivated to start another loading-unloading process. .

The logical sequences of the unloading process are inverse to the one described above for loading.
 10
If during any of these processes there is an anomaly such as: obstacle in the truck or container, inadequate pressure in a pneumatic circuit, decompensation of the load distribution and a long etc; The system blocks and informs the operator through the sound and acoustic emitter (23) of an incident described in an HMI interface. fifteen

The safety of these processes for the operators who use it is fully guaranteed by the resolution of the CE marking.

It should be considered that the loading-unloading system of the invention can be operated manually or electronically controlled, for which it can incorporate the corresponding control elements that determine the performance of the different elements of the system.

It should also be noted that the description has focused on a loading process, the downloading process being similar and without implying differences at the time of having to be applied, so that its description is not considered necessary.

Finally, it should be noted that the present invention should not be limited to the embodiment described herein. Other configurations can be made by the 30 experts in the field in view of the present description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.
权利要求:
Claims (8)
[1]

1.- System of loading-unloading of trucks and containers that includes a load-bearing platform, a system for assisting the positioning of the truck or container to be loaded and a safety system for the loading process; characterized in that the load bearing platform is mobile and comprises:
- a lifting subframe (1), which includes supports in which lifting cylinders (7) are located, responsible for lifting the supporting platform,
- a chassis (2), comprising at least one longitudinal rail (8), and
- at least one introducer blade (3), for the location of a plurality of loading bases 10 (5), comprising a plurality of skates (9) for moving along the corresponding rails (8),
- a tractor assembly (4), fixed to the introducer blades (3) and mechanically attached to the chassis (2), responsible for transmitting the movement to the introducer blades (3),
- four digital cells (20), each located in proximity to each of the 15 support areas of the supporting platform, responsible for detecting the weight and distribution of the load on the introducer blades (3);
where,
- the goods to be transported are placed on the cargo bases (5),
- the lifting cylinders (7) allow the loading bases (5) to be raised 20 above the ground, so that the introducer blades (3) can move without resistance along the rails (8).

[2]
2. Loading and unloading system of trucks and containers, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two introducer blades (3) that slide on 25 parallel longitudinal rails (8) located in the chassis (2).

[3]
3. Loading and unloading system of trucks and containers, according to claim 1, characterized in that the skates (9) incorporate pneumatic cushions (6) that allow the introducer blades (3) to absorb unevenness in the container, so that the 30 skates (9) are continuously supported.

[4]
4. Loading-unloading system of trucks and containers, according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier platform incorporates a laser meter (10) to know at all times the free length of the storage space.

[5]
5. Loading-unloading system of trucks and containers, according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier platform incorporates a leveling system (11) to determine the difference in height between the container and wheels included in the skates ( 9) and activate the pneumatic cylinders (7) to level the container and the wheels of the skates (9); where said height difference is eliminated.
 10
[6]
6. Truck-container loading and unloading system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the truck or container positioning assistance system comprises a traffic light (21) and a wheel locking system (22) of the truck to load.
 fifteen
[7]
7. Truck-container loading and unloading system according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a sound and acoustic emitter (23).

[8]
8. Loading and unloading system of trucks and containers, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the safety system for the loading process 20 comprises an optoelectronic system of emission and reception of rays that determines surfaces, to detect if they are crossed, located on either side of the supporting platform, determined by bands to select between vertical (26), horizontal (27) and a combination of both.
 25
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
ES2611333B2|2018-03-06|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
US20110164953A1|2010-01-04|2011-07-07|Container Stuffers, Llc|Cargo loader|
EP2918526A1|2014-03-11|2015-09-16|K.I.G. Heerenveen B.V.|Device for displacing product carriers such as pallets|
法律状态:
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ES201631708A|ES2611333B2|2016-12-29|2016-12-29|Loading and unloading system of trucks and containers|ES201631708A| ES2611333B2|2016-12-29|2016-12-29|Loading and unloading system of trucks and containers|
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